Hydrology Newsletter

Click here to access the full post : https://hydrogeek.substack.com/p/interviewgate-questions-on-fluid?r=c8bxy Fluid Properties and Hydrostatics Q1. A Newtonian fluid has a dynamic viscosity of 0.5 Pa·s and a shear rate of 20 s⁻¹ at a point. What is the shear stress at that point? (a) 5 Pa (b) 10 Pa (c) 15 Pa (d) 25 Pa Answer: (b) 10 Pa — Shear stress = μ × (du/dy) = 0.5 × 20 = 10 Pa, following Newton’s law of viscosity. Q2. The pressure at a depth of 5 m below the free surface of water (density 1000 kg/m³) is approximately: (a) 5 kPa (b) 49 kPa (c) 98 kPa (d) 500 kPa Answer: (b) 49 kPa — Using , Pa ≈ 49 kPa. Q3. A cube of density 800 kg/m³ floats in water of density 1000 kg/m³. What fraction of the cube’s volume is submerged? (a) 0.6 (b) 0.7 (c) 0.8 (d) 0.9 Answer: (c) 0.8 — By Archimedes’ principle, submerged fraction = ρ_body/ρ_fluid = 800/1000 = 0.8. Q4. The excess pressure inside a spherical air bubble of radius r immersed in a liquid with surface tension σ is given by: (a) σ/r...

Click here to access the full post: https://veryshorttermcourse.substack.com/p/a-step-by-step-topsis-checklist-for?r=c8bxy Water resource development rarely involves a single objective. A dam site may offer high storage potential but also involve high construction costs, sedimentation risk, ecological disturbance, or social impacts. A treatment technology may achieve excellent pollutant removal while demanding too much energy. TOPSIS helps decision-makers examine such trade-offs systematically by identifying the alternative closest to an ideal solution and farthest from a negative-ideal solution.[^1][^2] This checklist is useful for students, researchers, engineers, and planners who want to apply TOPSIS correctly and transparently to problems such as dam-site selection, reservoir prioritization, groundwater-recharge planning, irrigation development, water-treatment technology selection, and watershed management. TOPSIS and its hybrid variants have been used in reservoir assessment, reg...