Master TOPSIS to operationalise multi-criteria trade‑offs using distance‑to‑ideal reasoning and transparent rankings.
1.TOPSIS is best described as A single-objective optimization method for continuous design variables A compensatory MCDM method for ranking finite alternatives across multiple criteria A simulation technique for stochastic hydrologic models A clustering algorithm for grouping similar alternatives 2.In TOPSIS, the Positive Ideal Solution (PIS) represents The alternative with the smallest Euclidean norm in the decision space A hypothetical alternative with the best performance on every criterion The real alternative that appears first in the decision matrix The average of all alternatives over all criteria 3.The Negative Ideal Solution (NIS) in TOPSIS is The worst-performing actual alternative in the dataset A hypothetical alternative with the worst value of each criterion The alternative with the largest index in the matrix The alternative that violates the most constraints 4.For benefit-type criteria (to be maximized), the PIS component is taken as The minimum observed val...