Importance of Water Budget Equation

Cover Feature
The Water Balance or Budget Equation can be treated as the mother of all types of hydro-metereological equations.The equation is derived from Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy and states that inflow of water is equal to outflow of the same.If there exist an unequality,then it will contribute to the existing storage of water of the region.Precipitation and Inflows are accounted under Inflow and Runoff,Ground Water Outflow(contributed by infiltration) and Evapo-Transpiration is treated as Outflow.We can find any one of the variables from the equation if the other ones are already known.
Feature 1	Subsurface Return Flow can be defined as that amount of water which ex-filtrate back to the surface after being infiltrated in the up-slope portion of the hill.
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How to calculate Water Quality Index considering the source type,intended use and climate ?

This WQI's primary innovation is that it calculates the WQI based on the type of source from which water is collected, the WQI's intended use, and the local climate at the time the samples were retrieved. The source or location from where the sample is collected has an impact on the quality of water which the index must incorporate at the time of calculation. The purpose for which the water quality index is calculated changes the weightage of the importance of the different quality parameters. For example, if WQI is calculated for knowing how drinkable the sample is then the weightage of coliform will increase compared to other parameters as the presence of coliform in the drinking water can not be permitted. The climate of the area from where the water is collected is another criterion to consider at the time of calculating the WQI. Based on the climate also the weightage of water quality parameters will vary. There will be a difference in the weight of importance if the sampl...

Five Most Extreme Hydrologic Events that changed the World

Typhoon Tip, Philipines(Collected from : CSMonitor ) Devastating storms, severe flood, acute famine conditions, etc. hydrological events of extreme nature has changed human history. Any event which is not normal is known as an abnormal event. In the case of hydrology, an event that has a return period of more than 100 years is considered Extreme. According to Herring(2020) of Climate.gov, "An extreme event is a time and place in which weather, climate, or environmental conditions—such as temperature, precipitation, drought, or flooding—rank above a threshold value near the upper or lower ends of the range of historical measurements." Though the threshold is not objective, few researchers have defined "extreme events as those that occur in the highest or lowest 5% or 10% of historical measurements". Some have described events by their deviation from the mean, or by their occurrence interval. Here the most severe five extreme hydrologic events were discussed which ...

Five open source free hydrologic models that you can use to model runoff of micro to macro watersheds

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