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The Water Balance or Budget Equation
can be treated as the mother of all types of hydro-metereological
equations.The equation is derived from Law of Conservation of Mass and
Energy and states that inflow of water is equal to outflow of the
same.If there exist an unequality,then it will contribute to the
existing storage of water of the region.Precipitation and Inflows are
accounted under Inflow and Runoff,Ground Water Outflow(contributed by
infiltration) and Evapo-Transpiration is treated as Outflow.We can find
any one of the variables from the equation if the other ones are already
known.
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| Feature 1 |
Subsurface Return Flow can be defined as that amount of
water which ex-filtrate back to the surface after being infiltrated in
the up-slope portion of the hill.
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| Feature 2 |
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1 “Flood peaks in Mid-Atlantic U.S. watersheds show a V-shaped response to urbanization: they decrease at low urban development (below 10% PDAW), then rise sharply as urbanization increases further due to complex climate-landscape interactions. A neural network model confirmed this nonlinear behavior, underscoring the need to consider more than just urban area when predicting flood risk.”…..Hua et.al.(2025). Click here to know more. 2 “Artificial neural network (ANN) models using climate indices outperformed ARIMA models for long-term streamflow forecasting at six Victorian stations, with the best ANN achieving Pearson R = 0.90, RMSE = 0.04, and MAE = 2.50 for six-month advance prediction. ANN’s superior accuracy highlights its suitability for operational streamflow forecasts in this region.ANN models using lagged climate indices significantly outperformed ARIMA models for forecasting streamflow at Victoria’s stations, especially at Acheron where the ANN achieved Pearson R = 0.90,...