Skip to main content

How to use dynamic soaring by the Albatrosses in optimization?




What is dynamic soaring?

The dynamic soaring mainly consists of four phases.

Upward Bind

Upward Climb

Downward Bind

Downward Dive

This four-phase consists of a cycle which is referred to as Rayleigh’s Cycles as he was the first to identify this phenomenon by Albatrosses during their long-time flights.

For more details refer to Richardson(2011 & 2014), Uesaka et.al.(2023), etc.

Criteria of Dynamic Soaring

In general, albatross soaring can be accomplished under the following conditions: (1) no wind, no waves, no soaring;(2) Wave-slope soaring can be accomplished in swell without wind; (3) Wind–shear soaring can be accomplished in wind without waves.

What is Wind Shear Soaring?

The average wind speed typically rises with height, starting at almost zero at the ocean's surface. Within about two meters of the water's surface, a thin boundary layer has the greatest vertical wind velocity gradient (largest wind shear) (Fig. 2). In this narrow wind–shear boundary layer close to the surface, the majority of the wind speed increase in an average wind profile occurs.

What is Wave Slope Soaring?

There is an accepted notion that wind moving up a wave's windward face is what primarily causes updrafts over waves (see Pennycuick, 1982, Wilson, 1975). Updrafts, however, have much more intricate structures and causes, such as air displaced upward by the wave surface's orbital velocity and vertical velocities resulting from wind–wave interactions. Both of these can happen at the same time, and they have complex interactions with one another.

What happened during the dynamic soaring of the bird?

When there is no wind and waves on the ocean surface the bird can not soar. But the birds can soar when there is wind speed near the ocean surface is much less compared to that at the higher layers that are located above the heights of the ocean waves. These two zones of different air speeds are separated by the wind shear layer. Now at the time of the upward climb bird tries to extract energy from the interaction of wind with the wave in the lower layers i.e. below the wave height (eg. updrafts or leeways or eddy currents of the waves). This energy is mainly gained at the time of upward bend and used at the time of climb. At this moment both the wind and the bird face the wave head-on.

After it crosses the wind shear if it again tries to come back to the lower layer it extracts the energy from the downward wind at the time of the downward bend and uses it at the time of the downward dive. This time both wind and bird are facing the wave surface at their backside.


You may also like : 

 HydroGeek: The newsletter for researchers of water resources https://hydrogeek.substack.com/ 

Baipatra VSC: Enroll for online courses for Free 

http://baipatra.ws 

Energy in Style: Participate in Online Internships for Free 

http://energyinstyle.website 

Call for Paper: International Journal of HydroClimatic Engineering http://energyinstyle.website/journals/ 

Hydro Geek Newsletter Edition 2023.1 

https://notionpress.com/read/hydro-geek-newsletter-edition-2023-1 

An Introduction to ELECTRE MCDM

https://innovates.gumroad.com/l/electre

Popular posts from this blog

How to calculate Water Quality Index considering the source type,intended use and climate ?

This WQI's primary innovation is that it calculates the WQI based on the type of source from which water is collected, the WQI's intended use, and the local climate at the time the samples were retrieved. The source or location from where the sample is collected has an impact on the quality of water which the index must incorporate at the time of calculation. The purpose for which the water quality index is calculated changes the weightage of the importance of the different quality parameters. For example, if WQI is calculated for knowing how drinkable the sample is then the weightage of coliform will increase compared to other parameters as the presence of coliform in the drinking water can not be permitted. The climate of the area from where the water is collected is another criterion to consider at the time of calculating the WQI. Based on the climate also the weightage of water quality parameters will vary. There will be a difference in the weight of importance if the sampl...

Five Most Extreme Hydrologic Events that changed the World

Typhoon Tip, Philipines(Collected from : CSMonitor ) Devastating storms, severe flood, acute famine conditions, etc. hydrological events of extreme nature has changed human history. Any event which is not normal is known as an abnormal event. In the case of hydrology, an event that has a return period of more than 100 years is considered Extreme. According to Herring(2020) of Climate.gov, "An extreme event is a time and place in which weather, climate, or environmental conditions—such as temperature, precipitation, drought, or flooding—rank above a threshold value near the upper or lower ends of the range of historical measurements." Though the threshold is not objective, few researchers have defined "extreme events as those that occur in the highest or lowest 5% or 10% of historical measurements". Some have described events by their deviation from the mean, or by their occurrence interval.   Here the most severe five extreme hydrologic events were discussed which ...

Five open source free hydrologic models that you can use to model runoff of micro to macro watersheds

The principal objective of hydrologic models is to forecast the runoff of a surface water body, especially dendritic systems like rivers, streams, etc. The inputs to these models are generally Rainfall/Precipitation, Soil Characteristics, and other Climatic parameters like evapotranspiration, humidity, etc. LULC and geo-morphology are also used as the required input parameters of the hydrologic models. Both input and output of these models are temporally as well as spatially variable. Now the resolution varies with different models. Some models consider all the sub-basins to be a single watershed and determine the output based on the characteristics of this single watershed(lumped).In contrast, some other models will consider the {impact|effect} of each of the sub-basins on the central outflow of the watershed(distributed).In a few models, the entire watershed is divided into grids or units of uniform dimension. However, the accuracy is highest for the models, which considers the {impa...